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Introduction to Midi and Midi Music

Working with midi? lets get familiar with the term midi and what it stands for.


 Midi- Musical Instrument Digital Interface














Midi is simply a digital language which allows musical devices to speak to each other, relying information like what note has been pressed. Which it is pressed out and released pitch shifting controls signals.


Connector










MIDI messages are sent in only one direction, so a second cable is necessary for two-way communication. There is no error detection capability in MIDI, so the maximum cable length is set at 15 meters (50 feet) in order to limit interference. The cables terminate in a 180 five-pin Din connector. Standard applications use only three of the five conductors: a ground wire, and a balance pair of conductors that carry a +5 volt signal. Some proprietary applications, such as phantom-powered foot switch controllers, use the spare pins for direct current (DC) power transmission. Opto-isolators keep MIDI devices electrically separated from their connectors, which prevents the occurrence of ground loops and protects equipment from voltage spikes.
The MIDI input and output lines are separate from each other, and few devices pass the input data to the output port. A third type of port, the "MIDI THUR" port, exists so that data can be forwarded to another instrument in a "daisy chain" arrangement. Not all devices contain MIDI-THUR ports, and devices that lack the ability to generate MIDI data, such as effects units and sound modules, may not include MIDI-OUT ports.


5 pin din usually only 2 pins carry any data a 3rd pin is used to carry a SV charge.

In- for incoming information Out- for transmitting information that was generated inside the device
Thur regenerate incoming information typically more that 3 times will start in degrade the signal. 

before midi 1960s-1981 cv/gate.
Cv-Controlled Voltage control of variables like pitch. Gate on/off signal.

Monophonic Keyboard- Amp- Oscillator Sounds- Tone Shaping
70s Proprietary Digital Communication. Many companies had their own digital answer to the problems of cv/gates, but none of them worked together.

Polyphony-Volume of memory required to sequence.

Midi solved the problem of proprietary communication buses.
5 companies created it together in order to create an industry wide standard.


Midi Commands
Note On- a key has been pressed down
Note Off- a key has been released
Note Number- which key? 0-127
Channels- a single midi port or cable can carry up to 16 channels

After Touch-a pressure sensitive botton under each key. Once the key is pressed down {key down}
pressing into it will generate a stream of values from 0-127.

Velocity measures how quickly the key goes from key up to key down position.

Pitch Wheel- blends the pitch up or down
0-512 up or down in this means you get smoother pitch changes.

Mod Wheel- not spring loaded resting position <off position> is all the way down. sends cc# <continuous controller number> 1 over a range of 1-127.

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